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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu16.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">SecureCRT</td>        <td align="left">Version 8.7.2 (x64 build 2214)   -   正式版-2020年5月14日</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，NXP提供的版本为uboot-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga(使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2016.03)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.15(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">STM32开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子战舰V3(STM32F103ZET6)</td>      </tr></table>
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            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <ul><li>通用</li></ul><table><tr><td align="center">分类  </td><td align="center">网址</td><td align="center">说明</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="4">官方网站</td><td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td><td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/content/st_com/zh.html" target="_blank">https://www.st.com/content/st_com/zh.html</a></td><td align="left">ST官方网站，在这里我们可以找到STM32的相关文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.stmcu.com.cn/</a></td><td align="left">意法半导体ST中文官方网站，在这里我们可以找到STM32的相关中文参考文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html" target="_blank">http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html</a></td><td align="left">FatFs文件系统官网</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3">教程书籍</td><td align="left"><a href="STM32开发相关资料/01ARM参考资料/ARM Cortex-M3权威指南(中文).pdf" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M3权威指南》</a></td><td alirn="left" rowspan="3">ARM公司专家Joseph Yiu（姚文祥）的力作，中文翻译是NXP的宋岩</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="STM32开发相关资料/01ARM参考资料/ARM Cortex-M0权威指南(中文).pdf" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M0权威指南》</a></td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="" target="_blank">《ARM Cortex-M3与Cortex-M4权威指南》</a></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="4">开发论坛</td><td align="left"><a href="http://47.111.11.73/forum.php" target="_blank">http://47.111.11.73/forum.php</a></td><td align="left">开源电子网，正点原子的资料下载及问题讨论论坛</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.firebbs.cn/forum.php" target="_blank">https://www.firebbs.cn/forum.php</a></td><td align="left">国内Kinetis开发板-野火/秉火（刘火良）主持的论坛，现也做STM32和i.MX RT</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://www.amobbs.com/index.php" target="_blank">https://www.amobbs.com/index.php</a></td><td align="left">阿莫（莫进明）主持的论坛，号称国内最早最火的电子论坛，以交流Atmel AVR系列单片机起家，现已拓展到嵌入式全平台，其STM32系列帖子有70W+。</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://download.100ask.net/index.html" target="_blank">http://download.100ask.net/index.html</a></td><td align="left">韦东山嵌入式资料中心，有些STM32和linux的相关资料也可以来这里找。</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="3">博客参考</td><td align="left"><a href="http://www.openedv.com/" target="_blank">http://www.openedv.com/</a></td><td align="left">开源网-原子哥个人博客</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="http://blog.chinaaet.com/jihceng0622" target="_blank">http://blog.chinaaet.com/jihceng0622</a></td><td align="left">博主是原Freescale现NXP的现场应用工程师</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/architectures-and-processors-blog/posts/cortex-m-resources" target="_blank">cortex-m-resources</a></td><td align="left">这其实并不算是一个博客，这是ARM公司专家Joseph Yiu收集整理的所有对开发者有用的官方Cortex-M资料链接（也包含极少数外部资源链接）</td></tr></table><ul><li>STM32</li></ul><table>    <tr><td align="center" rowspan="2">STM32</td><td align="left"><a href="https://doc.embedfire.com/mcu/stm32/f103/hal_general/zh/latest/index.html" target="_blank">STM32 HAL库开发实战指南——基于F103系列开发板</a></td><td align="left">野火STM32开发教程在线文档</td></tr><tr>                                            <td align="left"><a href="https://doc.embedfire.com/mcu/stm32/f103badao/std/zh/latest/index.html" target="_blank">STM32库开发实战指南——基于野火霸道开发板</a></td><td align="left">野火STM32开发教程在线文档</td></tr></table><ul><li>SD卡</li></ul><table>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/" target="_blank">SD Association</a></td><td align="left">提供了SD存储卡和SDIO卡系统规范</td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32f103ze.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F103xx英文数据手册</a></td><td align="left">STM32F103xC/D/E系列的英文数据手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document%20/709978" target="_blank">STM32F103xx中文数据手册</a></td><td align="left">STM32F103xC/D/E系列的中文数据手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/reference_manual/rm0008-stm32f101xx-stm32f102xx-stm32f103xx-stm32f105xx-and-stm32f107xx-advanced-armbased-32bit-mcus-stmicroelectronics.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx英文参考手册（RM0008）</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx系列的英文参考手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.stmcu.com.cn/Designresource/detail/localization_document%20/710001" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx中文参考手册（RM0008）</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx系列的中文参考手册</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/100165/0201/?lang=en" target="_blank">Arm Cortex-M3 处理器技术参考手册-英文版</a></td><td align="left">Cortex-M3技术参考手册-英文版</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.st.com/resource/en/programming_manual/pm0056-stm32f10xxx20xxx21xxxl1xxxx-cortexm3-programming-manual-stmicroelectronics.pdf" target="_blank">STM32F10xxx Cortex-M3编程手册-英文版(PM0056)</a></td><td align="left">STM32F10xxx/20xxx/21xxx/L1xxxx系列Cortex-M3编程手册-英文版</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/" target="_blank">SD卡相关资料——最新版本</a></td><td align="left">有关SD卡的一些资料可以从这里下载</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/pls/archives/" target="_blank">SD卡相关资料——历史版本</a></td><td align="left">有关SD卡的一些历史版本资料可以从这里下载，比如后边看的SD卡2.0协议</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left"><a href="./" target="_blank">SD 2.0 协议标准完整版</a></td><td align="left">这是一篇关于SD卡2.0协议的中文文档，还是比较有参考价值的，可以一看</td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<p>这里的实例都是通过STM32CubeMX软件进行配置。</p>
<h1 id="一、存储器到存储器"><a href="#一、存储器到存储器" class="headerlink" title="一、存储器到存储器"></a><font size=3>一、存储器到存储器</font></h1><p>FLASH to SRAM，把内部FLASH的数据传输到内部的SRAM。在这里相当于将FLASH当做外设，将SRAM作为存储器，将数据从外设传输到存储器  。一般步骤如下：</p>
<p>（1）使能 DMA 时钟；</p>
<p>（2）配置 DMA 数据参数；</p>
<p>（3）使能 DMA，进行传输；</p>
<p>（4）等待传输完成，并对源数据和目标地址数据进行比较。  </p>
<h2 id="1-STM32CubeMX配置"><a href="#1-STM32CubeMX配置" class="headerlink" title="1. STM32CubeMX配置"></a><font size=3>1. STM32CubeMX配置</font></h2><img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-18-DMA-02-DMA%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B/img/image-20230505195655829.png" alt="image-20230505195655829" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>①、选择DMA外设；</p>
<p>②、点击【Add】添加一个DMA请求，注意我们只能选择已经开启的外设；</p>
<p>③、配置DMA模式，对于MEMTOMEM来说我们只能选择Normal模式；</p>
<p>④、地址增量配置，勾选表示地址递增，不勾选表示地址不变；</p>
<p>⑤、数据宽度，看我们要传输的数据宽度了，可以选择字节、半字、字，分别代表8位、16位、32位。</p>
<h2 id="2-变量定义"><a href="#2-变量定义" class="headerlink" title="2. 变量定义"></a><font size=3>2. 变量定义</font></h2><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 定义aSRC_Const_Buffer数组作为DMA传输数据源 const关键字将aSRC_Const_Buffer数组变量定义为常量类型 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">uint32_t</span> aSRC_Const_Buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]= &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="number">0x01020304</span>,<span class="number">0x05060708</span>,<span class="number">0x090A0B0C</span>,<span class="number">0x0D0E0F10</span>,</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="number">0x11121314</span>,<span class="number">0x15161718</span>,<span class="number">0x191A1B1C</span>,<span class="number">0x1D1E1F20</span>,</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="number">0x21222324</span>,<span class="number">0x25262728</span>,<span class="number">0x292A2B2C</span>,<span class="number">0x2D2E2F30</span>,</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="number">0x31323334</span>,<span class="number">0x35363738</span>,<span class="number">0x393A3B3C</span>,<span class="number">0x3D3E3F40</span>,</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="number">0x41424344</span>,<span class="number">0x45464748</span>,<span class="number">0x494A4B4C</span>,<span class="number">0x4D4E4F50</span>,</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="number">0x51525354</span>,<span class="number">0x55565758</span>,<span class="number">0x595A5B5C</span>,<span class="number">0x5D5E5F60</span>,</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="number">0x61626364</span>,<span class="number">0x65666768</span>,<span class="number">0x696A6B6C</span>,<span class="number">0x6D6E6F70</span>,</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="number">0x71727374</span>,<span class="number">0x75767778</span>,<span class="number">0x797A7B7C</span>,<span class="number">0x7D7E7F80</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 定义DMA传输目标存储器 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint32_t</span> aDST_Buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们需要定义一个静态的源数据，存放在内部 FLASH，然后使用 DMA 传输把源数据拷贝到目标地址上（内部 SRAM），最后对比源数据和目标地址的数据，看看是否传输准确。</p>
<h2 id="3-代码分析"><a href="#3-代码分析" class="headerlink" title="3. 代码分析"></a><font size=3>3. 代码分析</font></h2><h3 id="3-1-DMA初始化"><a href="#3-1-DMA初始化" class="headerlink" title="3.1 DMA初始化"></a><font size=3>3.1 DMA初始化</font></h3><p>我们按照上图配置完成后，会生成下边的代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">MX_DMA_Init</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">/* DMA controller clock enable */</span></span><br><span class="line">  __HAL_RCC_DMA1_CLK_ENABLE();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">/* Configure DMA request hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1 on DMA1_Channel1 */</span></span><br><span class="line">  hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1.Instance = DMA1_Channel1;</span><br><span class="line">  hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1.Init.Direction = DMA_MEMORY_TO_MEMORY; <span class="comment">// 存储器到存储器</span></span><br><span class="line">  hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_ENABLE;      <span class="comment">// 外设地址增量模式   </span></span><br><span class="line">  hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;         <span class="comment">// 存储器地址增量模式</span></span><br><span class="line">  hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_WORD; <span class="comment">// 外设数据长度:32 位</span></span><br><span class="line">  hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_WORD;    <span class="comment">// 存储器数据长度：32 位</span></span><br><span class="line">  hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;               <span class="comment">// 外设普通模式</span></span><br><span class="line">  hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_MEDIUM;  <span class="comment">// 配置优先级</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span> (HAL_DMA_Init(&amp;hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1) != HAL_OK)</span><br><span class="line">  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Error_Handler();</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-2-比较数据"><a href="#3-2-比较数据" class="headerlink" title="3.2 比较数据"></a><font size=3>3.2 比较数据</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * 判断指定长度的两个数据源是否完全相等，</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  * 如果完全相等返回1，只要其中一对数据不相等返回0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint8_t</span> <span class="title function_">Buffercmp</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">const</span> <span class="type">uint32_t</span>* pBuffer, <span class="type">uint32_t</span>* pBuffer1, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> BufferLength)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">while</span>(BufferLength--) <span class="comment">/* 数据长度递减 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">if</span>(*pBuffer != *pBuffer1) <span class="comment">/* 判断两个数据源是否对应相等 */</span></span><br><span class="line">		&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		  <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>; <span class="comment">/* 对应数据源不相等马上退出函数，并返回0 */</span></span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">		pBuffer++; <span class="comment">/* 递增两个数据源的地址指针 */</span></span><br><span class="line">		pBuffer1++;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* 完成判断并且对应数据相等 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">1</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-3-启动并等待DMA传输"><a href="#3-3-启动并等待DMA传输" class="headerlink" title="3.3 启动并等待DMA传输"></a><font size=3>3.3 启动并等待DMA传输</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">dma_mem2mem_start</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	HAL_DMA_Start(&amp;hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1, (<span class="type">uint32_t</span>)aSRC_Const_Buffer, (<span class="type">uint32_t</span>)aDST_Buffer,BUFFER_SIZE);</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* 等待DMA传输完成 */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span>(__HAL_DMA_GET_FLAG(&amp;hdma_memtomem_dma1_channel1, DMA_FLAG_TC1) == DISABLE);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-4-测试函数"><a href="#3-4-测试函数" class="headerlink" title="3.4 测试函数"></a><font size=3>3.4 测试函数</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">dma_mem2mem_test</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">uint8_t</span> TransferStatus = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    dma_mem2mem_start();</span><br><span class="line">    TransferStatus = Buffercmp(aSRC_Const_Buffer, aDST_Buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;TransferStatus=%d\r\n&quot;</span>, TransferStatus);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="二、-存储器到外设"><a href="#二、-存储器到外设" class="headerlink" title="二、 存储器到外设"></a><font size=3>二、 存储器到外设</font></h1><p>SRAM to 串口，同时LED灯闪烁，演示DMA传数据不需要占用CPU。 一般步骤如下：</p>
<p>（1）配置 USART 通信功能；</p>
<p>（2）设置串口 DMA 工作参数；</p>
<p>（3）使能 DMA；</p>
<p>（4）DMA 传输同时 CPU 可以运行其他任务。  </p>
<h2 id="1-STM32CubeMX配置-1"><a href="#1-STM32CubeMX配置-1" class="headerlink" title="1. STM32CubeMX配置"></a><font size=3>1. STM32CubeMX配置</font></h2><p>这里只写DMA的配置，串口和LED的可以根据以前的笔记来。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-18-DMA-02-DMA%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B/img/image-20230505221303430.png" alt="image-20230505221303430" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>①、选择USART外设或者选择DMA外设，都可以进入DMA的配置界面；</p>
<p>②、点击【Add】添加一个DMA请求，注意我们只能选择已经开启的外设，我们这里选择USART1_TX，通道的话软件会主动帮我们选好；</p>
<p>③、配置DMA模式，对于MEMTOMEM来说我们只能选择Normal模式；</p>
<p>④、地址增量配置，勾选表示地址递增，不勾选表示地址不变，这里的外设地址不能勾选，因为串口的寄存器只有一个DR，根本没必要递增，软件中也直接无法勾选</p>
<p>⑤、数据宽度，看我们要传输的数据宽度了，可以选择字节、半字、字，分别代表8位、16位、32位，在这里我们需要选择8位，因为我们串口的数据寄存器就是8位有效的。</p>
<h2 id="2-变量定义-1"><a href="#2-变量定义-1" class="headerlink" title="2. 变量定义"></a><font size=3>2. 变量定义</font></h2><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> SENDBUFF_SIZE                     		1000<span class="comment">//发送的数据量</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint8_t</span> SendBuff[SENDBUFF_SIZE];</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/*填充将要发送的数据*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(i=<span class="number">0</span>;i&lt;SENDBUFF_SIZE;i++)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    SendBuff[i]	 = <span class="string">&#x27;A&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="3-代码分析-1"><a href="#3-代码分析-1" class="headerlink" title="3. 代码分析"></a><font size=3>3. 代码分析</font></h2><h3 id="3-1-DMA初始化-1"><a href="#3-1-DMA初始化-1" class="headerlink" title="3.1 DMA初始化"></a><font size=3>3.1 DMA初始化</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">HAL_UART_MspInit</span><span class="params">(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = &#123;<span class="number">0</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span>(uartHandle-&gt;Instance==USART1)</span><br><span class="line">  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 串口GPIO的配置，这里省略......</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/* USART1 DMA Init */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/* USART1_TX Init */</span></span><br><span class="line">    hdma_usart1_tx.Instance = DMA1_Channel4;</span><br><span class="line">    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Direction = DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH;  <span class="comment">// 存储器到外设</span></span><br><span class="line">    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;      <span class="comment">// 外设非增量模式</span></span><br><span class="line">    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;          <span class="comment">// 存储器增量模式</span></span><br><span class="line">    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE; <span class="comment">// 外设数据长度:8 位</span></span><br><span class="line">    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;    <span class="comment">// 存储器数据长度:8 位</span></span><br><span class="line">    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;                 <span class="comment">//外设普通模式</span></span><br><span class="line">    hdma_usart1_tx.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_MEDIUM;    <span class="comment">//中等优先级</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (HAL_DMA_Init(&amp;hdma_usart1_tx) != HAL_OK)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      Error_Handler();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    __HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle,hdmatx,hdma_usart1_tx);      <span class="comment">// Associate the DMA handle </span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>因为数据是从存储器到串口，所以设置存储器为源地址，串口的数据寄存器为目标地址，要发送的数据有很多且都先存储在存储器中，则存储器地址指针递增，串口数据寄存器只有一个，则外设地址地址不变，两边数据单位设置成一致，传输模式可选一次或者循环传输，只有一个 DMA请求，优先级随便设，最后调用 HAL_DMA_Init 函数把这些参数写到 DMA 的寄存器中，然后使能 DMA 开始传输。  </p>
<p>为演示DMA持续运行而CPU还能处理其它事情，持续使用DMA发送数据，量非常大，长时间运行可能会导致电脑端串口调试助手会卡死，鼠标乱飞的情况，所以这里将DMA配置中的循环模式改为单次模式。</p>
<h3 id="3-2-中断处理函数"><a href="#3-2-中断处理函数" class="headerlink" title="3.2 中断处理函数"></a><font size=3>3.2 中断处理函数</font></h3><p>这里在软件中配置的时候好像自动开启DMA中断，中断的优先级我们可以在NVIC中进行设置：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 初始化函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">MX_DMA_Init</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">/* DMA controller clock enable */</span></span><br><span class="line">  __HAL_RCC_DMA1_CLK_ENABLE();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">/* DMA interrupt init */</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">/* DMA1_Channel4_IRQn interrupt configuration */</span></span><br><span class="line">  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA1_Channel4_IRQn, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">  HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA1_Channel4_IRQn);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 中断回调函数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler()--&gt;HAL_DMA_IRQHandler()--&gt;有三个，注册实例如下</span></span><br><span class="line">DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_usart1_tx;</span><br><span class="line">hdma_usart1_tx.XferHalfCpltCallback = ferHalfCpltCallbackFuncName;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>中断回调函数是需要在初始化的时候进行注册的，没有注册的话就不会被调用啦，这里我们暂时不用，就没有注册了。</p>
<h3 id="3-3-启动传输"><a href="#3-3-启动传输" class="headerlink" title="3.3 启动传输"></a><font size=3>3.3 启动传输</font></h3><figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* USART1 向 DMA发出TX请求 */</span></span><br><span class="line">HAL_StatusTypeDef <span class="title function_">HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA</span><span class="params">(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, <span class="type">uint8_t</span> *pData, <span class="type">uint16_t</span> Size)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 例如</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_">HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA</span><span class="params">(&amp;UartHandle, (<span class="type">uint8_t</span> *)SendBuff , SENDBUFF_SIZE)</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA 函数用于启动 USART 的 DMA 传输，第一个参数为外设的初始化句柄而非dma初始化使用的句柄。。只需要指定源数据地址及长度，运行该函数后 USART 的 DMA 发送传输就开始了，根据配置它会通过 USART 循环发送数据。DMA 传输过程是不占用 CPU 资源的，可以一边传输一次运行其他任务。  </p>
<h3 id="3-4-测试函数-1"><a href="#3-4-测试函数-1" class="headerlink" title="3.4 测试函数"></a><font size=3>3.4 测试函数</font></h3><p>这个我们直接写到main函数中</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> SENDBUFF_SIZE                     		60000<span class="comment">//发送的数据量</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">uint8_t</span> SendBuff[SENDBUFF_SIZE];/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  HAL_Init();</span><br><span class="line">  SystemClock_Config();</span><br><span class="line">  MX_GPIO_Init();</span><br><span class="line">  MX_DMA_Init();</span><br><span class="line">  MX_USART1_UART_Init();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="type">uint32_t</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">for</span>(i=<span class="number">0</span>;i&lt;SENDBUFF_SIZE;i++)</span><br><span class="line">  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     SendBuff[i] = <span class="string">&#x27;A&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;This is my test!!!\r\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">  HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA(&amp;huart1, (<span class="type">uint8_t</span> *)SendBuff ,SENDBUFF_SIZE);</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	  LED1 = !LED1;</span><br><span class="line">	  HAL_Delay(<span class="number">500</span>);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="4-实验现象"><a href="#4-实验现象" class="headerlink" title="4. 实验现象"></a><font size=3>4. 实验现象</font></h2><p>这里描述一下现象，若是没有DMA的话，我们将上边的 60000 个 A 发送到串口需要占用大量的时间，此时我们需要等待传输完成才能看到LED1闪烁，但是有了DMA之后，只会在进入循环前开启DMA，然后LED1就能立刻进入闪烁状态，此时串口也可以看到有数据发送过来。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV16-STM32%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV16-18-DMA-02-DMA%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B/img/image-20230505225138835.png" alt="image-20230505225138835" style="zoom: 33%;" />

<p>可以看到下方有60020个数据，这是因为我还加了个printf打印了一句话，这就说明我们发往串口的数据全部被打印出来了，而且注意观察的话，会发现LED1同时在闪烁，并不受串口数据传输的影响。</p>

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